gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; excessive pain; abdominal distension; obstruction of flatus.

Vitiated dosha affecting the skin, flesh and fat and causing sprout-like growths of flesh in various patterns in the anal region.

A disorder characterized by an incessant desire for water.

A disorder characterized by pain in small joints of the foot, gradually spreading to upper portions of the body; causing itching, pain, numbness in all joints of the hands and feet.

Retention of faeces; retention of flatus or vata; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; pain in bladder; precordial pain/cardiac pain; pain in abdomen/lumbar hypogastric region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; abdominal distension; nausea; cutting type of pain in anal region; pricking pain; indigestion; oedema in urinary bladder region; constipation; lump/nodule in abdomen; upward movement of eructations or vata; painful or hurt anus; painful ejaculation; delayed ejaculation; body becoming harsh/rough; becoming dry; becoming cold; fever; dysuria; dysentery; heart diseases; disorders of lower gastrointestinal tract; vomiting; blindness; deafness/hearing impairment; burning sensation in head; bloating of abdomen; hypertrophy of prostate gland; mental disorders/diseases of manas; thirst; bleeding disorders; loss of taste; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh; facial paralysis; pain in sides of chest/flanks; dreadful diseases of vata.

Being confined to mahasrotasa; obstructing upper and lower orifices; colicky pain in abdomen; glandular swelling on palpation; glandular swelling between cardiac and bladder regions; glandular swelling which is mobile; glandular swelling which is fixed; glandular swelling increasing and decreasing in size; circular glandular swelling; sharp piercing type of pain; severe pain; difficulty in breathing; anahal/adhmanam; gulmal/rigidity/stiffness.

Obstructed passage of urine; pain in urinary bladder region or basti; pain in perineal raphe; penile pain; scattering of urinary stream/split-stream urination; rubbing of penis due to pain; frequent passing of stools; frequent urination; passage of urine mixed with blood; pain in umbilical region; severe pain; urine resembling gomedaka stone/pale yellow; excessively turbid urine; gravel in urine; headache; comfortable passage of clear urine when stone is evacuated.

bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; abdominal distension; inability to walk; drowsiness/lassitude; burning sensation; diminution of agni; sluggish passage of faeces; weakness; retention of flatus; oedema; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; pedal oedema; oedema in hands; diminution of agni; shiny and glossy cheeks; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; inability to do physical work; loss of strength; inability to take/digest food; emaciated/thin/malnourished; swollen abdomen; person resembling a dead body.

stable/immobile swelling; round swelling; elongated prominent swelling; smooth glandular swelling; swelling with mild pain; Arna/aka-sized swellings; swelling resembling fish egg; accumulation of same colour; numerous; itching; mild pain; reaching the suppuration stage; undergoing destruction over time; becoming chronic.

An ulcer is an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body; caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal; ranging from small; painful sores in the mouth to bedsores and serious lesions of the stomach or intestine.

An ulcer characterized by putrid discharge mixed with blood; pus discharge mixed with blood; excessively vitiated bloody discharge; deep-rooted ulcer; chronic ulcer; offensive putrid odour; every feature contrasting with a clean wound; minuscule wound opening; very broad wound opening; very hard on palpation; very soft; raised wound; deep-based wound; excessively cold wound; excessively hot wound; wound coloured other than black; red; yellow or white; gruesome-looking; wound raised like a fleshy protuberance; filled with putrid pus; filled with flesh; filled with sinew; filled with numerous blood vessels; disagreeable-looking; disagreeable smell; excessive pain; excessive burning sensation; excessive suppuration; excessive redness; excessive itching; excessive swelling; impure blood discharge; not healing for a long time; deviating from the normal direction.

A wound characterized by an excessive flow of pus; appearance of pus via a tubular pathway in vrana; discharge appearing from a tube. When a suppurated abscess goes untreated, pus accumulates in the affected area and enters skin, with muscle and blood tissues forming a tract owing to vitiated tridosha or each dosha separately.

Fistula of the ano-rectal region. An anorectal abscess formed due to vitiated dosha or trauma, results in an abnormal tract or tunnel (fistula) which breaks through the perineum, anus and/or bladder regions, and discharges pus. This results in a chronic nonhealing fistula.

Abdominal pain (colicky or persistent). Loss of appetite or abnormal craving for food, Nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea or constipation, Itching around the anus (especially at night, typical of pinworms). Paleness, fatigue, and weakness due to anemia. Swelling or bloating of the abdomen. Foul smell from mouth or body. Skin eruptions, itching, or rashes in some cases. Restlessness, irritability, disturbed sleep (especially in children).

Enlargement of the spleen (palpable swelling in the left upper abdomen). Pain or heaviness in the left hypochondriac region. Abdominal distension and discomfort. Loss of appetite and indigestion. Weakness and fatigue. Anemia or pallor due to impaired blood function. Fever or intermittent fevers in some cases. Weight loss or emaciation in chronic conditions. General debility and reduced immunity.